4D Printing of Shape Memory Polymers: From Macro to Micro

A novel and versatile shape memory ink system allowing 4D printing with light at the macroscale as well microscale is presented. Digital processing (DLP) direct laser writing (DLW) are selected suitable 3D technologies to cover both regimes. First, a based on monofunctional isobornyl acrylate two crosslinkers consisting of soft hard diacrylate identified proven be compatible techniques. Employing DLP, large variety structures exhibiting distinct complexity printed. These range from simple frames more demanding geometries such double platform structures, infinity rings, or cubic grids. The effect demonstrated for all geometries. Excellent fixity recovery repeatability shown. Furthermore, formulation adapted fast using DLW. Importantly, printed microstructures display remarkable properties. possibility trapping releasing microobjects, microspheres, ultimately by designing, smart box-like that can thermally actuated—evidencing versatility potential reported system.